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AIM: To compare the thickness of retina in macular area and retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)around optic disc between the eyes of monocular anisometropic amblyopia children and normal eyes.METHODS: A total of 62 children(124 eyes)with monocular anisometropic amblyopia who were treated in Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from January 2021 to October 2022 were selected as the experimental group, and 60 children(60 eyes; right eye)with normal vision who were treated in the same period were selected as the control group. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to detect the retinal thickness in macular region and the RNFL thickness around optic disc in the two groups, and comparative analysis was performed.RESULTS: The retinal thickness and perioptic RNFL thickness of amblyopic children in experimental group were thicker than those in control group, and most of them had significant differences(P<0.05). The retinal thickness and perioptic RNFL thickness of contralateral non-amblyopic children in experimental group were thinner than those in control group, but there were no significant differences in most of them(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the retinal thickness of the macula and perioptic RNFL in the amblyopic eye and the contralateral non-amblyopic eye of monocular anisometropic amblyopic children compared with normal eyes, and the contralateral non-amblyopic eye is not completely equal to the normal eye.
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Objective:To study the effect of Jieyu Qutan Huazhuo prescription（JQHP） on the gut microbiota of rats with high-fat diet，and to explore the effect of Chinese medicine on the regulation of gut microflora and the restoration of gut-liver axis balance. Method:Seventy male SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group of 10 and a model group of 60. Mice in the normal group were fed with normal diet and mice in the model group were fed high-fat diet. After 12 weeks，the model group was randomly divided into 6 groups with 10 animals in each group，namely the model group，Xuezhikang group，Liputuo group，and low，medium and high-dose groups of JQHP. The JQHP low-dose，medium-dose and high-dose rats were intragastrically daministered with 0.4，0.8，1.6 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>，respectively， rats in Liputuo group with Liputuo 2 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>，rats in Xuezhikang group with Xuezhikang 0.1 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>. The rats in the normal group and the model group were intragastrically administered with the same amount of distilled water. Stool were collected after continuous gavaging for 8 weeks，16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed，blood was collected from the abdominal aorta to detect blood lipids，and the liver tissue and ileum tissue were collected for hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining for pathomorphological observation. Result:Compared with the normal group，the total cholesterol （TC），triglyceride （TG），and low-density lipoprotein （LDL-C） in the model group were significantly increased，while the high-density lipoprotein （HDL-C） was decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group，TC and TG values were decreased significantly in Xuezhikang group （<italic>P</italic><0.01），HDL-C value was increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05），and in the Liputuo group TC and TG were decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group，the middle-dose group of JQHP had a certain alleviating effect on liver steatosis and could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The JQHP could improve the proliferation of lymphoid tissues in the ileal structure，and the middle-dose group has the most significant effect. The results of Shannon curve showed that compared with the normal group，the middle-dose group of JQHP increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group，the middle and high-dose group of JQHP increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the middle-dose group of JQHP，the other drug group decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Principal component diversity analysis（PCA） showed that the diversity and abundance in the middle-dose JQHP group were higher than those in other drug groups. In linear discriminant analysis（LDA），compared with the normal group，Bacteroidia，Ruminococcaceae，<italic>Bacteroides </italic>S24-7，and <italic>Rumenococcus </italic>UCG-005 were down-regulated in the model group（<italic>P</italic><0.01），while the orders of Desulfovibrionales，Erysipelotrichales and<italic> </italic>Lachnospiraceae were up-regulated in the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group，the Bacteroidia，Ruminococcaceae，<italic>Bacteroides</italic> S24-7，and <italic>Rumencoccus</italic> UCG-005 in the middle-dose JQHP group were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01），and the orders of Erysipelotrichales were decreased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the middle-dose JQHP group，Bacteroidia，Ruminococcaceae，<italic>Bacteroides</italic> S24-7，and <italic>Rumencoccus</italic> UCG-005 in other drug groups were reduced（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01），and the order of Erysipelotrichales and Lachnospiraceae were increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:JQHP can regulate the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota，improve the state of liver tissue and ileum mucosa，regulate blood lipid levels，and restore the normal intestinal ecological environment. It may be related to the regulation of inflammation-related gut microbiota in order to restore the balance of the gut-liver axis，and the middle-dose JQHP group has the best effect.
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@#AIM: To evaluate the application of optical coherence tomography(OCT)in evaluation of the differences in macular area and peripheral nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)of the binocular anisometropic amblyopia of adolescents and children with monocular anisometropic amblyopia, so as to provide a basis for exploring the pathogenesis of amblyopia and guiding the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.<p>METHODS: Retrieved Chinese and English databases such as Weipu, WanFang, PubMed, EMBASE <i>etc</i>, and carried out relevant clinical research on the use of OCT to examine macular area and RNFL of adolescents and children with monocular anisometropic amblyopia from 1995-01-01/2019-12-08 screening, evaluation and data extraction, including the thickness of central fovea, central area of macular fovea with diameter 1mm, the inner ring area with 1-3mm, the thickness of the outer ring area with 3-6mm, and the RNFL of monocular anisometropia amblyopia patients into studies, then do Meta-analysis with the RevMan 5.3 software.<p>RESULTS: Results of the time-domain OCT(TD-OCT)study showed that the thickness of macular fovea in the amblyopic eyes and the thickness of the central area of the macular fovea with diameter 1mm were greater than those of the contralateral non-amblyopic eyes(<i>P</i><0.05), and the average thickness of RNFL in amblyopic eyes was thicker in the contralateral eye(<i>P</i>>0.05). Results of the study using frequency domain OCT(SD-OCT)showed that the thickness of macular fovea and the thickness of each zone in amblyopic eyes were greater than those of the contralateral non-amblyopic eyes, except for the central area of the macular fovea with diameter 1mm and the outer ring area below 3-6mm. In addition, the rest of the comparisons were different(<i>P</i><0.05); the average thickness of RNFL and the thickness of each zone of the nose in amblyopic eyes were larger than those of the contralateral non-amblyopic eyes(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Thickness of the macular area and RNFL of the amblyopic eye of monocular anisometropic amblyopia is higher than that of the contralateral non-amblyopic eye, and amblyopia mainly causes the thickness of the macular fovea to increase within 1mm diameter.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on histopathological changes, and levels of oxidative-stress related cytokines and key proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway in ulcerative colitis (UC) rats, so as to reveal their mechanisms underlying improvement of UC. METHODS: Twenty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, EA and MA groups (n＝ 7 rats per group). The UC model was established by enema of mixture solution of 5% 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 100 mg/kg). Rats of the control group received intra-rectal perfusion of normal saline. After modeling, the left "Quchi"(LI11) and "Zusanli"(ST36) were stimulated with EA (2-4 mA，8 Hz/25 Hz) or MA for 20 min, once every other day for consecutive 2 weeks. The rats in the control and model group were just anesthetized and fixed. At the end of experiments, the colon tissue was collected for observing histopathological changes with H．E. staining. The contents of oxidative stress-related factors as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were detected by ELISA, and the expression levels of key proteins of ERS as phosphorylated inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase α (p-IκBα), phosphorylated p65 (p-p65), glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), phosphorylated protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (p-PERK) and phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (p-eIF2α) by using Western blot. RESULTS: After modeling, the colon tissues showed severe swelling, disordered arrangement of intestinal mucosal cells, hemorrhage with infiltration of inflammatory cell and partial loss of colon villus, which was relatively milder in the EA and MA groups. The colonic lesion score was remarkably increased in the model group in contrast to the control group (P<0.01), and obviously reduced in both EA and MA groups relevant to the model group (P<0.01). The levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and T-AOC were all significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the content of MDA, and expression levels of p-IκBα， p-p65 and GRP78, p-PERK and p-eIF2α proteins were all significantly increased in the model group relevant to the control group (P<0.01). After the treatment, modeling-induced down-regulation of SOD, CAT and GSH in both EA and MA groups, and T-AOC in the EA group, and up-regulation of levels of MDA, p-IκBα， p-p65, GRP78, p-PERK and p-eIF2α in both groups were reversed (P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Both EA and MA treatment can obviously alleviate colonic inflammation in UC rats via inhibiting oxidative stress and ERS.
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Objective@#To investigate the associations between behavioral risk factors and overweight or obesity among schoolage children and adolescents in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for making targeted prervention and control measures for overweight and obesity.@*Methods@#A total of 11 913 children and adolescents aged 9-18 years old were selected according to 2014 Shanghai Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance. Questionnaire survey and physical examination including height, weight and other physical index were performed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between overweight or obesity and sleep time, diet, physical exercise and sedentary behavior@*Results@#The prevalence of overweight or obesity was higher among boys who slept longer than or equal to 10 hours(36.7%), compared with those with less than 8 hours of sleep(31.3%)(P<0.01). The rates of overweight or obesity in girls was higher among breakfast skippers(36.4%) than breakfast nonskippers(17.6%)(P<0.05). The prevalence of overweight or obesity was higher among pupils who did not like physical education(38.2%) than those who preferred(30.8%)(P<0.01). The prevalence of overweight or obesity among junior middle school students playing video games and computer over 2 hours(28.1%) was higher than those playing less than 1 hours(23.0%)(P<0.05). Unwilling to participate in longdistance running exercise, watching TV more than 1h per day were risk factors for overweight or obesity(OR=1.16, 95%CI:1.05-1.27; OR=1.22, 95%CI:1.05-1.43, respectively).Girls who were breakfast nonskippers had a lower risk of overweight or obesity (OR=0.33, 95%CI:0.16-0.67). Students in urban areas who watch TV more than 1h per day was risk factor for overweight or obesity(OR=1.36, 95%CI:1.07-1.74). Students in rural areas who slept longer than 10 hours had an increased risk of being overweight or obese (OR=2.0, 95%CI:1.23-3.25). Pupils who played video games and computers for more than 2 hours had an increased risk of being overweight or obese(OR=1.45, 95%CI:1.01-2.08).@*Conclusion@#In 2014, overweight or obesity among Shanghai’s primary and middle school students was highly interconnected with bad dietary behavior, static life style, and the distribution of factors shows obvious population characteristics.
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Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common hereditary hemolytic disease. The molecular pathogenesis of HS involves gene mutations, which lead to deficiency or absence of erythrocyte membrane proteins. Five major pathogenic genes of SPTA1, SPTB, ANK1, SLC4A1 and EPB42 had been found, and they encode α-spectrin, β-spectrin, ankyrin, band 3 and protein 4.2 respectively. There are many reports about gene mutations of EPB42, which cause deficiency or absence of protein 4.2 abroad. However, few scholars study the correlation between HS and protein 4.2 in China. This review describe the advances of the relationship between HS and protein 4.2 in detail.
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Food-borne parasitic diseases have become a public health problem for social economy and health care. In this pa-per,the epidemic situation of major food-borne parasitic diseases in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,such as toxoplasmo-sis and clonorchiasis,are reviewed,and the countermeasures of prevention and control are put forward.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare therapeutic effects of superficial needling and body acupuncture on knee joint pain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-six cases of knee joint pain were randomly divided into a treatment group of 48 cases treated with superficial needling, and a control group of 48 cases treated with body acupuncture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cured rate was 66.7% in the treatment group and 39.6% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 100.0% in both the two groups. The needed therapeutic times of superficial needling was significantly less than that of the body acupuncture (P< 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Superficial needling has a good therapeutic effect on knee joint pain with a shorter therapeutic course.</p>